History

 

Justices of the Peace have played a vital role
in Texas history

Since the state’s founding, Justices of the Peace serve as accessible, community-based judicial officers. Rooted in the early frontier days, these officials were often the first and only point of contact for legal matters in rural and developing areas. Over the years, their responsibilities have grown to include handling small claims, traffic cases, evictions, truancy, and even performing marriages. Known for their fairness, practicality, and close ties to the communities they serve, Justices of the Peace continue to be a trusted part of Texas’s judicial system, ensuring that justice remains local, approachable, and efficient.
 

The office of Constable is one of the
oldest law enforcement positions in Texas.

Constables were originally established to serve as peace officers in local communities, often in remote and rural areas where law enforcement resources were scarce. Over time, their role has evolved, but their core mission remains the same: to uphold the law, serve civil and criminal court documents, and support the work of Justices of the Peace. Constables are elected officials who continue to serve as trusted guardians of public safety, combining deep community roots with a proud tradition of service and integrity.
 

  • The first Justice of the Peace, or Alcade, was appointed in 1823 in the Colorado District of Stephen F. Austin's first colony in Texas.

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  • The first Judge, Hon. John Tumlinson, appointed Thomas V. Alley as the first Constable later that year.

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The People's Court, The People's Police
As offices of the locally elected officials closest to the people, they are often referred to as the "People's Court" and the "People's Police."
 

Come be a part of history.  Join Us Today!

 
The offices of Justices of the Peace and Constables have shared a deeply interconnected history since the earliest days of Texas statehood. These roles, rooted in community service and local justice, have long operated in tandem, creating a natural and symbolic partnership. Recognizing the strength and importance of this alliance, the Justices of the Peace and Constables Association of Texas (JPCA) was established in 1945 to unify and represent the voices of elected officials in both positions across the state.

Over the decades, numerous challenges and legislative issues have emerged that affect both offices equally. By consolidating efforts through a single, statewide association, JPCA has become a powerful advocate and vital resource for hundreds of Justices of the Peace and Constables throughout Texas. No other organization is solely dedicated to safeguarding our shared heritage, defending the authority of our offices, and promoting our interests at both the state and local levels.

To learn more about how JPCA continues to champion meaningful legislation and support the success of our members, visit the Advocacy page and explore the results of our advocacy in action.
   
 

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